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PREFACE - COLUMBUS WAS AWARE OF THE EXISTENCE OF AMERICA BEFOREHANDThe President’s grant holder and laureate of the “Golden pen” award Ramiz Daniz (Gasimov) writes various literary and scientific works. His scientific works astonishes scientists of geography, astronomy and history of mathematics. Scientists working in the field of history of geographical discoveries carry out some important works related discovery of America and create new scientific research works in order to elucidate this topical problem. Always difference of opinion occurs between scientists of this field and every created work has special significance in the field of geography. Ramiz Deniz has answered questions, which are interesting for scientists by discovering new facts at the result of his researches: He has described obscurities of Columbus’s first travel and very interesting facts concerning the unknown map used by him during the expedition in his work “Christopher Columus, Nasiraddin Tusi and real discovery of America”. Ramiz Daniz has denied known information and mentioned that, Columbus knew the des-tination, route and term of his travel, but kept it secret. Of course, this is a serious judgement. Reasons why three expeditions sent by Portuguese to the western part of the Atlantic Ocean in order to find the forth continent failed have been explained in the work. The author has proved by indicating perspicacity of Spanish monarchs and disbelief of the king of Portugal that “Mathematical Union” of Lisbon had significant role in appropriation of those territories by Spaniards. Besides it, Ramiz Daniz has mentioned that, Columbus had used calculations of scientists of the East including Nasiraddin Tusi when he prepared his project. “Enigmatic discovery of Brazil” concerns the problem, which make scientists of geographical discoveries to hesitate, and the author tries to prove that Brazil wasn’t discovered by Pedro Cabral in 1500 by accident, it was discovered by Duarte Pereira in 1494 in accordance with secret agreement reached with the king of Portugal, but the result of that travel was kept secret for some reasons. In accordance with this work, Portuguese were able to conceal Spaniards by means of the Pope and became owners of today’s Brazil according to Tordesillas treaty concluded in 1494. Though Portuguese were agree to own lands located at 100 liq west of Azores in 1493, in accordance with the result of the secret expedition of Duarte Pacheco, who visited American coasts after a year, they appropriated large territories by moving the demarcation line between Spain and Portugal for 270 liq towards the west. The author has described scientific activities and achievements of the remarkable scientist Nsiraddin Tusi, essence of most of his works known all over the world in his next work “The scientist passed ahead of centuries – Nasiraddin Tusi” and mentioned that, several works of the scientist had been published by other authors as their own works. It is known that, Nasiraddin Tusi wrote masterpieces in fields of astronomy, mathematics, geometry and ethics, played a significant role in development of these sciences and passed ahead of well-known scientists for hundreds of years. The author has remembered scientific works carried out by the most ancient scientists of Greece, ancient Rome, Byzantine, Egypt and Muslim scientists of the early middle ages, mentioned that, Nasiraddin Tusi had significant achievements in listed branches and tried to emphasize Tusi’s genius. According to the book, the astronomical table “Zij-i Ilkhani” prepared by Nasiraddin Tusi was used for discovery of America. Ramiz Daniz mentioned it in the book, which explains most issues concerning Tusi’s scientific activity and causing scientists of the world to think. The scientist had described the prime meridian at 340 west of today’s Greenwich Meridian (remote north-western coast of Brazil) and this fact helped Columbus when he passed the ocean. Another interesting moment is the investigation of the real owner of the map made by the Turkish admiral Piri Reis in 1513, which has been analyzed in most science centers. The author says that, part of that map, which was made of ancient manuscripts, was made in Maragha observatory under the leadership of Tusi. Besides it, he has mentioned that, Columbus had sailed to coasts of the New World by means of that map. According to R. Deniz, Piri Reis could find it afterwards together with the scientist’s notes. Books full of rich historical facts and sensational information will be interesting for scientists all over the world and attract special attention. Discovery of America and Brazil is the most interesting part of the history of geographical discoveries and these books are significant source for deep investigation of mentioned theme. Scientific works of Ramiz Daniz may be spread among scientists and ordinary readers interested in the history of geographical discoveries. Ramiz Daniz has found out new facts and so could destroy stereotypes concerning this field. The author has proved following facts in his book “Columbus was aware of existence of America beforehand”: The book is about obscurities of the history of scientific investigations and geographical discoveries including actual issues, which haven’t been discovered and analyzed enough. He has started his literary activity owing to his passion and diligence. R. Gasimov’s life and activity is very interesting. His trilogy consisting of “Tragic death of conquistadors on coasts of the Central Chile”, “Sacred mission” and “People going to heaven go to hell” was published during last two years. Though America was discovered 500 years ago, that discovery is still interesting for most experts as it is very enigmatic. Ramiz Daniz could explain most details about discovery of America. This book includes answers of most questions, which were enigmatic during centuries. Investigation of results of Columbus’s travels towards coasts of the New World was very interesting for scientists of Azerbaijan besides experts of America and Europe. One of such experts is Ramiz Gasimov. He has proved that, the well-known sea traveler Ch. Columbus hadn’t discovered America by accident. Besides it, the author wrote that, Columbus had discovered America according to the map made by the remarkable Azerbaijani scientist Nasiraddin Tusi in Maragha observatory. Ramiz Daniz proved this truth by means of several facts. He solved this problem, which was urgent for a lot of scientists, independently. The world community should know that, besides Italy and Spain (Columbus was an Italian, but his expedition was organized by Spain), Azerbaijan also had a great role in discovery of America made in 1492 owing to Nasiraddin Tusi. Everyone, who doesn’t believe it, should read the book written by Ramiz Daniz. Ramiz Daniz wrote that, Christopher Columbus had analyzed Nasiraddin Tusi’s scientific heritage and he deceived Spanish monarchs Ferdinand and Isabella when declared that, wants to find ways to Chine, Japan and Chine and so, could make them to organize an expedition. The well-known sea traveler knew that, he should sail towards unknown territories located in the west of Europe. He kept it secret for his own purposes. Columbus started his travel very decidedly and it didn’t happen by the accident. He had learned a lot of things after analyzing scientific works of Nasiraddin Tusi including his map. Nasiraddin Tusi wrote that, there was a very large land area in the west of the Old World, on the other side of the ocean. The scientist’s map included outlines of that territory, the distance between it and Europe and directions of currents, which could be used in order to sail there. So, Columbus knew when he would reach unknown territory. The rebellion of seamen occurred near coasts of the New World proved it as the commander of the expedition asked for only there days in addition. Guanahani Island of Bahamas was discovered twenty-six hours after added period, on October 12, 1492. Ramiz Mammadov – Laureate of State Prize, Associate Member of the Academy of Science, doctor of technical sciences, director of the Institute of Geography of the Academy of Science  9109 |
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